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- <text id=93TT2259>
- <title>
- Dec. 20, 1993: Put Up Or Shut Up
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Dec. 20, 1993 Enough! The War Over Handguns
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- TRADE, Page 46
- Put Up Or Shut Up
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>A GATT agreement, after seven long years of talk and countless
- delays, would lower prices and create jobs
- </p>
- <p>By Jay Branegan/Brussels--With reporting by Bruce Crumley/Paris, Edward W. Desmond/Tokyo
- and Michael Duffy/Washington
- </p>
- <p> No wonder they call it the General Agreement to Talk and Talk.
- U.S. Trade Representative Mickey Kantor and his European Community
- counterpart, Sir Leon Brittan, met in Brussels last week to
- wrap up their end of world trade negotiations that have been
- dragging on for seven years--and wound up haggling for 23
- consecutive hours. They emerged, drawn and weary, without an
- agreement in hand--the final holdup was over movies and aircraft
- subsidies--and flew to Geneva for yet more discussions.
- </p>
- <p> This week, three years after the so-called Uruguay Round of
- the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade missed its first
- supposed deadline, the talking stops. On Dec. 15 the world will
- either have in hand the most comprehensive and complex multinational
- trade accord ever attempted or brace for new waves of protectionism.
- "The current system is collapsing," warns GATT Director-General
- Peter Sutherland. "Failure would be one of the biggest collective
- follies of this century. The losers would be consumers, export
- industries, the unemployed and the developing countries."
- </p>
- <p> Outwardly Clinton's White House seemed calm, as though a GATT
- victory were little more than a serendipitous way to end the
- year. But behind the scenes, officials were mounting the now
- familiar all-out push to make sure they get the deal done, and
- done on their terms. That meant trying to appease a wide range
- of U.S. industries that feel either that the agreement fails
- to open key foreign markets to them or that it would make it
- impossible for them to retaliate against "unfair" trade practices.
- The financial-services industry, for example, is furious that
- it will not be getting unfettered access to such potential new
- business areas as India and South Korea, while inveterate complainers
- like textiles and steel want harsher restrictions on imports.
- </p>
- <p> President Clinton telephoned French President Francois Mitterrand,
- Prime Minister Edouard Balladur and European Commission President
- Jacques Delors to emphasize the importance of U.S. movie and
- TV exports to America. Japan's government, riven with internal
- dissent, dithered over approving the historic move to import
- foreign rice, while in South Korea, President Kim Young Sam
- declared that "after many sleepless nights' agonizing" he had
- agreed to open the country's rice market because "we were on
- the brink of inviting international isolation."
- </p>
- <p> The Uruguay Round is sweeping in scope and mind numbing in detail.
- It covers just about everything from paper clips to jet aircraft
- and, for the first time, brings under the GATT umbrella such
- areas as textiles, banking and computer software, all part of
- the $7.6 trillion world trade in goods and services. In the
- end, however, the talks have been all about jobs, jobs, jobs--those created, to be sure, but also those lost and those
- about to be transformed.
- </p>
- <p> No one argues that the arrangement would affect the livelihood
- of many Japanese and South Korean rice farmers, threaten textile
- workers in Europe and the U.S., and create problems for factory
- workers at inefficient plants worldwide. Such losses should,
- in theory, be offset by new employment in export-related industries,
- where wages are usually higher than average--17% higher in
- the U.S, for example. An accord should also lower prices for
- consumers, who ultimately pay the hidden costs of protectionism.
- A U.S. family of four pays as much as $420 a year more for clothes
- than necessary, thanks to high U.S. textile barriers.
- </p>
- <p> One of the most controversial parts of the accord is the section
- covering the financial-services industry, now one of the fastest-growing
- parts of world trade. While banks, insurers, securities firms
- and lawyers in the U.S. and Europe argued for access to restricted
- markets in Japan and Southeast Asia, those countries fought
- to keep them out. Meanwhile, the debate over "intellectual property"
- mostly pitted the developed against the developing world. GATT's
- new language for patents and copyrights gives the developed
- countries better weapons to fight piracy and counterfeiting
- of Cartier watches, Madonna videos or Lotus spreadsheet software--an epidemic problem in Asia and Latin America that costs
- the U.S. $60 billion a year in lost sales.
- </p>
- <p> Perhaps the most vexing potential deal breaker was the films,
- TV and music that dominate Europe's cinemas and airwaves and
- are America's second biggest export. France fought to have audiovisual
- services excluded altogether but appears ready to settle for
- retaining the European Community's airtime quotas against U.S.
- TV shows. "We feel that we have given the French enough to satisfy
- them on agriculture," said a senior Washington official and
- "now it's their turn to give on the audiovisual agreement."
- Once negotiators get a GATT, the U.S. Congress has until April
- 15 to approve the deal. If it appears the U.S. gave away too
- much just to win agreement, there could be a donnybrook. Still,
- GATT is likely to pass because it will mean lower prices, higher-quality
- goods, more income and better jobs--and those are certainly
- things worth talking about.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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